Risk-oriented planning for flexibility-based distribution system development

The paper presents a risk-based distribution network planning procedure to perform comparison (in terms of costs and associated residual risks) among conventional solutions the exploitation flexibility purchased from distributed energy resources through bilateral contracts or local markets. has been integrated within software developed by Authors in past decades for expansion planning. already includes many main distinctive characteristics modern tool, such as abandoning traditional worst-case approach, resorting non-network options, implementing stochastic assessment consider generation demand uncertainties. Since are connected low voltage system, both medium networks have be jointly analysed account their mutual interactions. process applied representative Italian system. system represented replicating few real provided leading Distribution System Operator. Consumption patterns modelled anonymised measurements.